内卷还在加剧 广西水泥市场的挑战或许刚刚开始

2022-09-05 10:56:02

目前短暂的“调停”难掩仍在僵持的矛盾局面,广西水泥市场大概率将迎更大的暴风雨,而与其紧密相连的广东水泥市场也不能幸免于难。

8月初,在经历一场激烈的价格竞争后,区内两大龙头水泥企业对首府南宁水泥价格进行恢复调整,这不由得让外界以为广西水泥市场的矛盾开始缓和。  

然而,更多当地业内人士认为目前短暂的“调停”难掩仍在僵持的矛盾局面,广西水泥市场大概率将迎更大的暴风雨,而与其紧密相连的广东水泥市场也不能幸免于难。  

优质的石灰石资源、便利的水路运输,下游广阔的市场空间令广西自产能置换新规出台后仍成为水泥行业的投资热土,以至于被生态环境部点名“十四五”上马“两高”项目冲动依然强烈。  

也正是在这次通报后,水泥建设投资热情才逐步降低,不少项目也因此暂停和取消,但这并不能缓解广西仍在不断激化的市场矛盾。  

需求跌幅近半 新增产能还在释放  

“其实早在去年7、8月就已经感觉到了下游需求快速萎缩,只不过9、10月份的限电导致水泥短时间供不应求掩盖了一系列问题。”  

南宁一水泥行业人士透露,而全区其他企业普遍也认为如果没有彼时的大面积限电,去年三季度广西水泥市场就已经陷入低谷,甚至爆发“价格战”。  

图1:广西P.O42.5散装水泥价格K线图(周)  

数据来源:水泥大数据(https://data.ccement.com/)  

在去年10月用电紧张的情况缓解后,区内一主导企业迅速下调价格,短期跌幅超百元,市场纷争开始出现。  

进入2022年,需求持续不佳的情况并没有改善,反而随着多个重点工程逐步进入尾声进一步走低。  

“从广西的情况看,一般上半年需求表现都比较一般,所以虽然需求不断走低,但大多数企业还能够接受,将希望寄托于下半年。  

然而进入5月前后,需求依然没有起色,进入实质性萎缩,企业的耐心渐渐被消磨,尤其是区内的龙头企业。出厂低至190元/吨的情况也在那时开始出现。”  

上述南宁水泥行业人士表示。  

“从我们统计看,即使是需求表现较好的地区,今年上半年需求下滑也在30%左右,有地区可能下滑超过40%!”  

广西来宾一水泥企业负责人大倒苦水,他表示结合去年四季度的情况,他和同业交流中也预判广西水泥需求会在2022年出现下滑,但幅度预测在30%左右,目前的跌幅超过了所有人的预期。  

图2:广西水泥发运率  

 

数据来源:水泥大数据(https://data.ccement.com/)  

与此同时,区内前些年投建的多个水泥项目陆续投产。  

这些项目投资主体原本不少将主市场定位于西江另一头的粤港澳大湾区,但今年广东同样面临着需求大幅走低,价格不断下探的局面,这让广西不少新建生产线无法按规划向下游销售。  

“供需矛盾将在下半年进一步激化,因为还有相当一部分生产线下半年才正式投产,而这其中有一部分是因为上半年需求不佳而推迟点火导致的。”广西一水泥从业者给出了自己的判断。  

房产建设大幅走低 重点项目还在启动  

为何水泥需求会出现如此大幅度的下滑?房产建设与重点项目启动较慢被认为是最根本的两个因素。  

以南宁房地产为例,南宁混凝土协会会长在近期的一次行业会议上透露,高度依赖地产项目的混凝土搅拌站在上半年遭遇了前所未有的挑战,混凝土销售量下滑超过40%。  

2022年1-6月广西房地产投资额1458.16亿元,较2021年同期相比减少了587.37亿元,同比下降28.7%,其中住宅投资额1124.74亿元,较2021年同期相比减少了438.49亿元,同比下降28%。  

而在广西水泥需求构成中占重要位置的农村自建房也延续了去年的跌势。  

据当地人介绍,前几年由于自建房市场逐步规范,农村建房的热情已经开始出现明显的走低。而随着当前经济形势的变化,农民工由于收入受到影响,自建房的动力大幅放缓。  

被寄予厚望的重点工程在上半年同样表现一般。  

“今年的情况可以说一眼看到头,即年初就已经预料到了。”  

崇左一水泥企业销售人员表示,“可以用青黄不接这个词来形容,老项目基本上已经接近尾声,水泥需求高峰期已过。而新项目虽然不少,但要么还处于前期征地、调研阶段,要么存在资金到位问题,进展缓慢。”  

同时,重点项目由于施工周期长,区域跨度大对于拉动水泥需求的作用从短期看远不及房地产,能否填补房地产投资下滑的缺口存在很大不确定性。  

内卷还在加剧 行业洗牌为时尚早  

供需矛盾伴随着下半年多个生产基地的投产势必进一步加大,企业之间的竞争也将不断升级。  

“虽然8月初价格已经有恢复的迹象,但依然在大多数企业的成本线下,前景不容乐观。一方面龙头企业之间过去的竞合关系几乎破裂,另一方面广西传统主导企业与新投产企业之间的冲突愈加明显。”南宁一水泥经销商透露。  

上半年市场竞争升级已经让不少生产成本较高的企业感到了无法克服的压力,一些企业出现了多条生产线只能开一条的情况,市场份额也在不断被蚕食。  

越来越多企业开始亏损现金流,被迫长期停产或者推迟投产的现象不在少数。  

“从目前来看,广西水泥行业还将长期处于竞争的焦灼期,价格则继续摸底。”崇左一水泥行业人士对中国水泥网表示。  

这对于刚刚投产的企业来说无疑是巨大的压力,而区内一龙头企业近期不断抛出收购意向,让不少人猜测广西水泥行业是否即将迎来大规模洗牌。  

但也有行业人士分析,行业洗牌虽然会出现,但绝对不是短期会发生的。  

“无论是生产线的规模、技术还是布局,新进入广西的企业都有不俗的实力,在与区内原有的企业竞争不见得落于下风。”广西中部地区一水泥销售表示。  

有从业者举例子,虽然目前粉磨站的处境非常艰难,但韧性十足。“粉磨站况且如此,技术装备优良的新熟料企业更不会轻易退出竞争。”  

大多数从业者分析认为,未来广西水泥市场会出现怎样的变化目前还不好判断。严重的产能过剩注定原有的市场竞争秩序不再适用,主导企业对于市场份额给新进入的企业生存空间越来越小,这都将加剧行业内卷。  

此外,两广高度一体化的市场决定了在广西市场陷入困局后,广东水泥行业也难以独善其身。  

在区内难以消化本土产能的情况下,或出现广西水泥企业即使亏本,也毅然选择大举进入广东的情况。而这对于广东当地不少规模较小、竞争力较弱的企业来说,无疑是难以面对的挑战。  


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Correlation

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