涨价100元/吨!难掩背后危机!贵州水泥市场最后的归宿在哪?

2021-08-25 09:11:33

正所谓“破而后立,晓喻新生”,贵州水泥行业如果最终走到通过完全市场竞争化解产能过剩,实现行业的新生,或许也是置之死地而后生的无奈之举。

据中国水泥网行情数据中心消息,近期贵州水泥价格迎来大幅上涨,涨幅普遍在50-60元/吨。今年以来,贵州水泥价格回暖趋势明显,从2月中旬270元/吨左右,至当前的370元/吨左右,累计涨幅达100元/吨左右。

如果仅仅从价格态势来看,似乎贵州水泥市场正在走出阴霾迎来新生,但事实恐怕没有这么乐观。当前,影响贵州水泥市场的不利因素依旧没有从根本上解决,未来贵州水泥市场走向何方存在极大的不确定性。

限电+错峰 力推贵州水泥价格回暖

从中国水泥网行情数据中心监测数据来看,近两周区域P.O42.5水泥平均价格累计涨幅达到60元/吨左右,与去年同期价格下跌30元/吨形成鲜明对比。

针对贵州当前水泥价格大幅度上涨,当地企业及业内相关人士表示,三大因素在其中起到了至关重要的作用。

1、限电严重部分企业已经被拉闸

据有关媒体报道,夏季用电高峰期,贵州电网出现电力供应紧张甚至短缺局面,进入七月下旬以来,贵州地区限电情况逐步升级,部分供电局发布限电通知,水泥企业限制用电负荷,导致企业生产受限。

当地某水泥企业则表示,现在限电情况非常严重,贵州西电东送到广东,最近广东台风结束,用电负荷加大,贵州每天电力缺口在300万度/秒,有的水泥企业已经被拉闸。

受各地区不同程度的限电影响,贵州水泥企业产能发挥不足,成本上升,进而带动水泥价格上涨。

2、价格长期低位叠加原材料成本上涨

据中国水泥网行情数据中心消息,贵州水泥价格长期处于低位,年后虽然出现明显上涨,但涨幅不大,整体价格在330元/吨左右,仍处于水泥价格洼地,企业上调水泥价格的意愿较强。

与此同时,今年大宗商品价格上涨趋势明显。动力煤价格一路走高,上半年动力煤均价816.5元/吨,较去年同期542.8元/吨暴涨50.4%,且短期内煤炭价格居高不下,水泥生产成本有增无减,导致水泥企业生产成本增加。

3、错峰生产加码行业自律提升

拉闸限电严重及原材料成本上涨给贵州水泥价格上涨提供了客观条件,错峰生产加码及行业自律提升则为本轮行情回暖提供了主观基础。

据中国水泥网消息,8月15日,贵州省水泥工业协会发布《关于进一步做好2021年三、四季度水泥行业错峰生产的通知》。《通知》显示,贵州三季度错峰生产30天,外销熟料抵扣时间减半。四季度错峰生产30天,不做外销熟料抵扣与代停,精准错峰,刚性停窑,四季度提前停窑。

当地企业表示,今年错峰生产力度有了明显提升。根据年初贵州省工信厅、生态环境厅联合下发《关于做好2021年度水泥行业错峰生产的通知》,2021年度贵州省生产硅酸盐水泥熟料的生产线,每条线停窑时间为100天,一季度不少于40天,二季度不少于20天,三季度不少于20天,四季度不少于20天。

实际上,三季度错峰30天,四季度计划错峰30天,错峰生产时间增加,一定程度上缓解了供需矛盾。

另外,当地企业也表示,在经历了长时间的价格低谷之后,业内企业有意识通过行业自律,避免市场恶性竞争,也在较大程度上为稳定和提振行情起到了积极作用。

投资力度下滑 地方债务高企 水泥市场需求难见提升

整体来看,今年上半年贵州水泥价格回升态势明显,尤其是近期更是出现了50-60元/吨的上涨,但是从上涨的因素不难看出,积极因素几乎都出在供给端,需求端的积极影响甚微。事实上,据中国水泥网行情数据中心的了解,贵州地区市场需求当前并未全面启动,市场需求不足也为本轮涨价能否完全到位埋下了隐患。

1、产能过剩问题依旧是困扰贵州水泥行业的关键

与国内多数地区一样,产能过剩问题是制约贵州水泥行业发展的关键。

据中国水泥网公布的“2020中国水泥熟料产能百强榜”显示,当前贵州全省水泥熟料产能达到9300万吨,然而由于超产情况的存在,据当地企业表示,贵州熟料实际产能超过1亿吨,水泥产能1.3亿吨,但省内需求仅8000多万吨,企业只能通过加大对四川、重庆、湖南、云南、广西、安徽等地的外运提升产能利用率,内部市场竞争压力较大。

与此同时,近年来贵州新建熟料产能力度却并不低。

根据中国水泥网大数据中心统计数据,2020年贵州投产熟料产能418.5万吨,排名全国第二;2019年投产139.5万吨,排名全国第五;2018年投产424.7万吨,排名全国第一。

产能集中度方面,西南水泥、海螺水泥合集产能占到贵州44.96%,但其余的台泥、红狮水泥、豪龙控股、鱼峰水泥、华润水泥、晴隆盘江、源锦水泥等企业产能占比基本在1%-6%之间。第一梯队没有绝对的话语权,第二梯队数量众多,且不乏竞争力极强的地方强企,导致贵州市场稳定性不足。在产能过剩背景下,错峰生产执行难度加大,市场更容易产生动摇。

2、扶贫工程收尾 重点项目少 市场需求不足

当地企业表示,贵州水泥市场之所以陷入泥潭,与前些年过度投资,水泥需求提前释放有着很大的关联。

业内人士指出,以往贵州贫困地区较多,为改善地区发展面貌,提升人民生活水平,实现脱贫致富,前些年政府新建了一大批的扶贫工程。相关统计数据显示,2017-2020年贵州省固定资产投资增速分别为20.1%、15.8%、1%、3.2%,步入2019年以后,固定资产投资增速出现了明显的断崖式下滑。

户户通、组组通工程拉动下,水泥需求虚假繁荣。如今,随着贵州扶贫工作基本完成,水泥需求陆续回落。

当地企业指出,当前贵州重点工程很少,较大程度上制约了水泥需求的发挥,民用和房地产成为当前水泥的主要需求来源,但是一方面贵州经济实力较弱,造血能力相对较低,限制了水泥需求增长;另一方面,房地产行业形势欠佳,难以为水泥需求提供强力支持,种种因素下水泥市场需求并不乐观。

3、地方债务高企 水泥需求难提振

地方债务问题突出,同样为贵州水泥市场需求提升带来制约。

由中国国债协会、中诚信国际信用评级有限责任公司共同编著的《中国地方政府债券发展报告(2021)》显示,在债务率上,全国有9个省份超过100%的临界值,其中贵州和内蒙古常年居于债务率前两位。

地方债的增长,一方面有望进一步推动有效投资扩大,另一方面则存在增加城市债务风险的可能。

文中还指出,贵州财政实力较弱,收入增速趋缓,财政平衡对上级补助的依赖程度较大。同时,2017~2019年间,贵州一般公共预算收入增速减缓,财政平衡率不断下滑,债务余额/一般公共预算收入2019年大幅上升,达3年内最高,贵州省偿债能力下降,因而债务风险不容小觑。

当地水泥企业表示,由于地方负债率较高,可能将进一步限制后期贵州大型基础建设的投资力度,进而影响水泥需求提升。

置之死地而后生 或成贵州水泥最后的归宿

当前,贵州水泥市场态势正吸引着业内众多关注的目光,不仅仅在于其长期处于价格洼地,更在于贵州水泥行业正在发生的问题,可能为国内其他区域未来水泥市场转型提供思考和借鉴。

那么面对市场困局,未来贵州水泥市场将何去何从?

当地某水泥企业负责人在与笔者交流过程中表示,由于需求端难以为行情提升提供有效支撑,因此短期来看,贵州水泥行业要维持市场稳定,仍然需要依靠严格执行错峰生产和行业自律,但是从长远来看,真正化解产能过剩才是一剂良药。不过,正所谓“良药苦口”,要想真正的化解产能过剩问题,并不容易。

上述企业负责人提出了三个方向:

1、加大落后产能淘汰力度。即,通过进一步严格要求能耗、环保等企业发展指标,对不符合要求的水泥企业执行关停政策。

2、严格产能置换政策,甚至出台地方法规,进一步提高产能置换比例,统一执行减量置换,严禁变相增量建设生产线。

3、利用市场机制,淘汰部分竞争力不足的生产线。

该企业负责人指出,当前贵州产能过剩问题尚未到难以调和之时,但是如果需求持续低迷,市场环境进一步恶化,未来错峰生产和行业自律恐怕也难以对市场稳定产生作用,届时回归市场竞争可能难以避免,而从现在的态势来看,由于长期需求难以看到强力回升,未来价格战的可能性正在越来越大。

该负责人称,化解产能过剩是贵州水泥市场破局的突破口,而市场行为可能会成为最终不得不迈出的一步。

正所谓“破而后立,晓喻新生”,贵州水泥行业如果最终走到通过完全市场竞争化解产能过剩,实现行业的新生,或许也是置之死地而后生的无奈之举。

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Correlation

Recently, the price of raw materials has shown an upward trend again, but due to the lack of new orders in the concrete market and the fierce competition among enterprises, the focus of transactions continues to decline steadily. From August 29 to September 4, the national concrete price index closed at 113.17 points, down 0.45% annually and 11.09% year-on-year.

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2024-08-09 17:12:17

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2024-08-09 17:03:25

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2024-08-02 17:29:53

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The market demand continues to be weak and the price of concrete is weak and stable.

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The market demand is weak, and the price of concrete is basically stable.

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2024-06-21 17:53:57

Rainy weather increases, concrete price maintains stable operation

2024-06-21 16:46:51

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The market demand performance is general, and the concrete price is weak and stable.

2024-05-24 16:50:56

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